Working in Switzerland, living in Italy: old and new frontalieri
Under the 2020 agreement you are a frontaliere if you live within 20 km of the border, work in Ticino, Graubünden or Valais and return home in principle every day, with up to 45 non-return days a year for work reasons. New frontalieri pay a Swiss withholding tax of 80 % of the normal rate (in Ticino the official tables R, S, T and U); Italy then taxes the salary above a 10,000 € allowance (franchigia) and credits the Swiss tax. Old frontalieri — frontaliere at any time between 31 December 2018 and 17 July 2023 — are taxed only in Switzerland until 2033.
For the Italian tax the calculator takes the Swiss salary minus the compulsory AHV/IV/EO, unemployment and BVG contributions, converted at one annual rate, deducts the franchigia and applies the 2026 IRPEF brackets with tax credits, the credit for the Swiss tax (reduced in proportion to the franchigia) and the regional and municipal surcharges. Telework from home in Italy up to 25 % of working time counts as work in Switzerland, under the protocol in force since 9 February 2026.
If you are not a frontaliere — outside the 20-km zone, working in another canton or not returning daily — Switzerland applies its full withholding tax and Italy taxes the whole salary with a credit, without the franchigia. Not settled yet: how Italy applies the agreement’s floor clause, and the health contribution for old frontalieri. In Ticino the official 2026 withholding tables are used; in Graubünden and Valais the Swiss tax is an approximation.