How the Portuguese pension system works
The old-age pension (pensão de velhice) from the general scheme of the Segurança Social is earnings-related. It starts from your reference earnings (remuneração de referência, RR): your revalued earnings from the best 40 years, divided by 14 payments a year. The pension is RR × the global formation rate (TGF): with 21 or more career years, each year adds 2.3% on the part of RR up to 1.1 IAS (€590.84), falling in steps to 2% on the part above 8 IAS (€4,297.04); the IAS (social support index) is €537.13 in 2026. At most 40 years count. Careers of up to 20 years get 2% per year, at least 30%, and with fewer than 15 contribution years there is no pension from the general scheme. The gross pension is paid 14 times a year and taxed under IRS (income tax).
The normal retirement age follows life expectancy: 66 years 9 months in 2026 and 66 years 11 months in 2027; later years are not yet published and will probably be higher. Each career year above 40 brings your personal retirement age forward by 4 months, but not below 60. With 40 career years at 60 you can retire early from 60 (flexibilização), with a cut of 0.5% for each month before your personal age; otherwise the pension starts at your personal age and the calculator adds the capital to bridge the years in between. Each month you work beyond the normal age adds 0.33% to 1%, depending on your career length, up to age 70 and at most 92% of your earnings.
For exact figures, enter your calendar years with contributions or the pension from the “Simular pensão” simulator in Segurança Social Direta; the estimate revalues past earnings with prices only (conservative) and does not model careers that began before 2002 or minimum pensions. A company pension fund is counted only if you enter it. The calculator adds up the pillars, compares the total with your target share of your last salary and shows the monthly saving for the gap: first in a PPR (Plano de Poupança Reforma), where 20% of contributions is deductible from IRS, at most €400 under 35 (€2,000 paid in), €350 at 35–50 (€1,750) and €300 over 50 (€1,500), within the overall limit on deductions; the rest goes into unrestricted saving.
Pensions are taxed under IRS as category H income after a specific deduction, and the “mínimo de existência” keeps low pensions tax-free; no social-security contribution is due on pensions.